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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(4): 665-667, July 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-523739

ABSTRACT

The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) was evaluated in 65 samples of prostate tumours and six samples of prostates with benign prostatic hyperplasia from individuals from Northern Brazil. We used a highly sensitive test, the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, to detect 37 high and low-risk HPV types. In this study, only 3 percent of tumour samples showed HPV infection. Our findings support the conclusion that, despite the high incidence of HPV infection in the geographic regions studied, HPV was not associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the frequency of HPV detection in prostatic tissue of individuals from Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Prostatic Hyperplasia/virology , Prostatic Neoplasms/virology , DNA, Viral/analysis , Genotype , Neoplasm Staging , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/virology
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 24(3): 335-338, sept. 2006.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-474593

ABSTRACT

Los modelos actuales de carcinogénesis consideran la ocurrencia de mutaciones crecientes y mecanismos selectivos, favoreciendo la sobrevivencia y proliferación celular aumentada. Mecanismos epigenéticos también participan en la oncogénesis, destacando la metilación del DNA. La característica de las células tumorales que permite el aumento de la ocurrencia de mutaciones es denominada inestabilidad genética, donde son identificados dos mecanismos: inestabilidad de microsatélites, caracterizada por alteraciones nucleotídicas con errores en los sistemas de reparación del DNA; inestabilidad cromosómica, en la cual las aberraciones suceden en grandes segmentos cromosómicos. Los carcinomas son caracterizados por alteraciones citogenéticas complejas y grandes mezclas génicas. Alteraciones teloméricas, quiebres de DNA reparados inadecuadamente y deficiencia en los sistemas de chequeo del huso mitótico, son eventos capaces de generar inestabilidad cromosómica y aneuploidía que caracterizan estas neoplasias más agresivas. El conocimiento de los mecanismos que provocan la inestabilidad cromosómica puede permitir la utilización clínica de información en el desarrollo de estrategias terapéuticas más adecuadas, dirigidas a puntos específicos involucrados en procesos de malignización.


In the current carcinogenesis models, the occurrence of increasing mutations and selection mechanisms favoring cell survival and higher proliferation rates are taken into account. Epigenetic mechanisms, among which DNA methylation stands out, also take part in oncogenesis. The characteristic of tumor cells that allows the increase of mutations is named genetic instability, encompassing two mechanisms: microsatellite instability, characterized by nucleotide alterations with errors in the DNA repair systems; and chromosomal instability, represented by aberrations occurring in large chromosome segments. Carcinomas are characterized by complex cytogenetic alterations and large gene amalgamations. Telomeric alterations, inadequately repaired DNA breaks, and deficiencies in the mitotic spindle checking systems are events capable of generating the chromosomal instability and aneuploidy which characterize more aggressive neoplasias. A better understanding of the chromosomal instability mechanisms can show the way towards a clinical utilization of such information, like developing more adequate therapeutic strategies, targeted at specific sites involved in the malignization process.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma/etiology , Carcinoma/genetics , Aneuploidy , Chromosomal Instability
3.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 48(4): 537-540, July 2005. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-410049

ABSTRACT

A linhagem celular Hep-2 é formada por células de carcinoma da laringe e é muito utilizada em modelos de carcinogênese e mutagenêse. Para avaliar o potencial proliferativo desta linhagem, desenvolvemos uma metodologia citogenética (técnica do sobrenadante) para obtenção de metáfases a partir de células que, ao entrarem em mitose, perdem adesão celular, ficando em suspensão no meio de cultura. Através deste procedimento, foram contadas 2000 células, correspondendo a um índice mitótico (IM) de 22.2% . Apesar de o IM obtido por esta técnica não ter sido estatisticamente diferente do IM obtido por outras metodologias citogenéticas clássicas, a técnica do sobrenadante é vantajosa porque elimina o uso de alguns reagentes utilizados na obtenção de metáfases e também diminui o consumo de reagentes de manutenção desta linhagem.

4.
Genet. mol. biol ; 27(1): 115-117, 2004. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-357883

ABSTRACT

Hydroxyurea is commonly used in the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases and in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The use of this antineoplastic agent in patients with SCD is justified because of the drug's ability to increase fetal hemoglobin levels, thereby decreasing the severity of SCD. However, high doses or prolonged treatment with hydroxyurea can be cytotoxic or genotoxic for these patients, with an increased risk of developing acute leukemia. This danger can be avoided by monitoring the lymphocytes of patients treated with hydroxyurea. Cytogenetic tests are important endpoints for monitoring the physiological effects of physical and chemical agents, including drugs. In this work, we assessed the genotoxicity of hydroxyurea in short-term cultures of lymphocytes from SCD patients. Hydroxyurea was not cytotoxic or genotoxic at the concentrations tested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. These results support the use of hydroxyurea in the treatment of SCD, although further work is necessary to understand the effects of this drug in vivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antisickling Agents , Anemia, Sickle Cell , Hydroxyurea , Mutagenesis , Lymphocytes , Mutagenicity Tests
5.
Rev. para. med ; 16(2): 52-56, abr.-jun. 2002.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-318856

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Nos dias atuais o câncer ocupa uma posição de destaque, contribuindo de maneira significativa para o alto índice de mortalidade na população mundial, chegando a assumir características de problema de saúde pública. Para tentar compreender o processo carcinogênico, e planejar formas racionais de tratamento, é necessário entender a biologia da célula e suas interações nos tecidos principalmente no que tange aos eventos genéticos envolvidos. Objetivo: Discutir os elementos ( oncogenes, genes supressores de tumor, genes de reparo e fatores de crescimento) e mecanismos genéticos que atuam na gênese do câncer: Método: Realizada revisão bibliográfica utilizando os mais recentes trabalho a respeito do assunto. Considerações Finais: O melhor entendimento do processo carcinogênico fornecerá um maior embasamento para a descoberta de novos tratamentos na prevenção ou cura do câncer


Subject(s)
Humans , Oncogenes , Genes, Tumor Suppressor
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